While all of the subjects featured in “Our Rural Heritage” have generated interest among our readers, the Gazette received more than the usual amount of accolades last month for the article on the Fire Company, with much gratitude expressed for our recognition of its members, and its very existence. So we decided to extend the topic to take a look at the precariousness of our town’s structures prior to its establishment.
Fires were a more frequent occurrence in the 18th and 19th centuries, and barns were particularly vulnerable. The use of kerosene lamps and a lot of hay provided a recipe for disaster. As with the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which legend tells us was the fault of Mrs. O’Leary’s infamous cow, fires often began in the barn, and buildings in the vicinity were in peril, especially when the family’s living quarters and the barn were connected.
“Big house, little house, back house, barn” was a rhyme children of the 19th century chanted which described the farm houses where many of them lived. “Connected farmsteads”, characterized by buildings attached to one another in a continuous structure, were common in New England. The “big house” was where the family lived, the “little house” served as the kitchen, the “back house” was traditionally a carriage house, or stored farm implements and wagons, and then the barn, of course, was for the livestock. The buildings were not necessarily limited; New Englanders connected barns, carriage houses, chicken coops, woodsheds and sugar houses in an effort to increase the efficiency of their farms. This design facilitated movement through the different areas, particularly during the cold winters. The New England farmstead was also unique in that the architectural style of the home was repeated in the other structures. Historian and architect Thomas Hubka wrote in his 1984 book, Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn, “Those who built connected farms changed their farms by extending the architectural style and order of the house to their barns. This was a truly radical development by New England farmers, and it is this characteristic, more than that of house and barn connection itself, that is one of the unique aspects of New England connected farm architecture.”
There are several examples of older properties in Hampton where the outbuildings, including the barns, respect the architecture of the home; and although there’s only one house remaining in town with a complete “big house, little house, back house, barn” configuration, many of our older residences have additional buildings attached to the principle dwelling. Considering the amount of farms which were once in town, barns which might have been previously connected could have fallen away with disuse. Susan Jewett Griggs’ “Folklore and Firesides” contains some photographs of Hampton homes which appear to have barns connected to the other structures. “Hampton Remembers” also shows farmhouses which seem to have this architectural style, and recounts one notable example which succumbed to fire:
I remember when Lucy Lewis’ house burnt – she was Lucy Hopkins then. I was getting ready to go out to do the chores one morning and my sisters came running down the stairs with “Hopkins house is afire!” They could see it from their bedroom window. So I ran out to the barn and told the menfolks and then we went down and met Lucy on the way up. She had her father’s overcoat on and his felts. He kept on the rubbers. The house went, and the horse barn that was attached to it. And they never rebuilt.
Harold Stone from “Hampton Remembers”
The evidence of places lost to fires lies mostly in footprints: a copse of tall pines on Kenyon Road circling the site where lightning struck a house, the chimney still remaining on Hemlock Glen, so many cellar holes. There are few records of early fires, perhaps because it was so frequent an event. Some fires, however, were in the news.
November 8, 1860: The old cotton factory at “Howard’s Valley” in Hampton, which has recently been used as a saw and grist mill, was fired by an incendiary on Monday night, and was entirely destroyed. The present occupant had recently expended some $1500 in improvements, upon which he has no insurance. Previous attempts have been made to fire the building, and a watch has been kept on the premises, but while the occupants were at tea the incendiary accomplished his purpose.
January 24, 1890: On Tuesday night about 12 o’clock David Greenslit discovered fire proceeding from the front of the store and post
office kept by Charles E. Guild. He gave the first alarm, and soon the cries of fire and ringing of bells aroused this usually quiet little village and many hastened to the spot. But nothing could be done to save the store or its contents. A barn, standing close by and belonging to the estate of the late Miss Coleman, was also burned, but might have been saved, but for the carelessness of one man in rescuing a horse rake which he had stored therein. The barn was filled with hay. Special mention should be made of the men who worked so faithfully to preserve the property of G. R. Burroughs on the south side of the store and the house occupied by Miss Edgerton on the north side. If the wind had been raging at the time of the fire, as it did an hour later, without doubt the entire east side of the street would have been consumed. It was undoubtedly the work of an incendiary, as everything was all right at half past 10’clock, when Mr. Guild left the store. He has been in business here for more than a year, and is assisted by his brother Sidney. Both are fine enterprising young men and have the sympathy of the community. There is an insurance on both buildings, and also one of $1500 on the stock of goods.
One year later, on February 20, 1891: “The Guild brothers are now occupying their new store, and have it well filled with a choice stock of goods. We hope the people will give them a liberal patronage.”
April 16, 1909: Friday morning about 4 o’clock the railroad bridge just below the crossing caught fire and part of it burned. The entire bridge would have burned had it not been for the station agent, who worked faithfully. Agent Jewett sent for section foreman and men, but when they arrived he had the fire under control. Orders were issued for all trains to slow down to 5 miles an hour.
January 20, 1911: The store of T. J. Roberts, which contained the post office, was burned about 3 o’clock Tuesday afternoon. The cause of the fire was Mr. Roberts accidentally dropping a lighted match on the cellar floor. The floor was saturated with oil and the flames spread through the structure with such rapidity that beyond a few stamps and money and mail in the post office together with a half dozen barrels of sugar and a little barbed wire, nothing was saved. It is estimated that the loss will be between $6000 and $8000. This is partly covered by insurance…The blaze was seen for miles around. A high wind was blowing and for a time it looked as if the entire street must go. The house and barn of A. E. Guild at the north of the store caught several times and the house of J. C. Church on the south was threatened. The row of evergreen trees standing between this house and the store prevented it from catching but the trees are practically ruined. …when the fire was first discovered the church bell was tolled and within fifteen minutes practically every able-bodied man in the village was on hand. Ladders were quickly run up on the Guild House and barn, and the efforts of the men were devoted to saving these structures. One of the ladders on the barn snapped under the weight of the men upon it and Arthur E. Pearl fell to the ground beneath it, breaking his right ankle.
The general store appears to have been particularly vulnerable to fires, and last fell victim to flames in 1939 when the Fire Department was unable to save the building “because the well on the property was so close to the fire as to be inaccessible”. Other publicized fires included the Clark’s Corners mansion of surveyor, builder and abolitionist Jonathan Clarke, and the village law office of Governor Cleveland, and the fate of the school house on Bigelow was chronicled in “School House Crumbles… but Memories Linger.” The Congregational Church was also struck by lightning in 1942. “Damage was confined to the steeple and upper gallery,” the newspaper reported. “The Fire Department, under the direction of Chief Robert J. J. McDermott, checked the steeple fire in the belfry. The electrical unit of the building was destroyed.”
All fires now are front page news, but homes, and livelihoods, utterly destroyed were once such common place occurrences, they weren’t mentioned in newspapers. They left, however, indelible marks on those who remember them. Here’s an account in “Hampton Remembers” from Evelyn Estabrooks, who recalled one she witnessed when she was seven-years-old:
One day there was a terrific thundershower and my father and brothers had just got a load of hay into the barn and there came this awful clap. The Winfield’s hired girl, as they were called, came rushing over for help and told us the house was burning – of course there were no telephones then. And then she went back to get the children. And I remember the little boy, Jimmy, sitting in my mother’s lap and sobbing his heart out that ‘Mummy’ll be burned!’ And then they brought her over and she had a heart attack in our house – so I well remember that day! I was terrified of thundershowers for a long time after that. …they fought the Winfield’s fire with the bucket brigade but they couldn’t save the house.
In a chapter titled “Days We’ll Never Forget”, memorable moments are detailed — joyous celebrations, and as with all of us, some gravely tragic:
Mrs. Mary Brayman who lived on the Main Street was 104 when she died – and she didn’t die of old age. She caught fire. Her niece was living with her then. Mrs. Brayman always made her own fire in the stove and she always put a little drop of kerosene on and it lit off beautifully. But this day her niece came down and made the fire the way Mrs. Brayman did but it didn’t go the way it should. There were still flames in the bottom unseen by Mrs. Brayman and when she put more kerosene on, it went ‘Poof!’ – her clothes caught fire and she burned.
Ethel Edwards, from “Hampton Remembers”
There are few tragedies as traumatic as fires, and though they might not have been recorded in newspapers, we recall them — with all of our senses –vividly, and we remember — with our whole hearts — the way our neighbors, and the Fire Department, were there.